Decentralized and embedded electrical networks

Objectives

• Know the characteristic criteria (security, stability ...) of an embedded or decentralized electrical network compared to a conventional distribution network.
• Understand the main elements (storage ...) used in the design of such a network.
• Propose different network architectures in relation to a given specification.
• Be able to read a complete electrical diagram of a photovoltaic installation by being able to identify the various devices necessary as well as their function and sizing.

Description

1. Security and reliability

•  Related concepts (fault isolation, reconfiguration, backup network, ...)
• Example of an aeronautical network

2. Mission Profile to be completed

• Interest of sources hybridization to optimize their use
• Using the Ragone plan in sizing storage units

3. Quality (AC and DC networks)

• Definition of quality standards (current, voltage)
• Quality Improvement Solutions

4. Stability (AC and DC networks)

• Architecture and operation of AC power grids
• Principles of frequency and voltage settings on networks (primary, secondary adjusments)
• Power limitation of transportation lines
• Instability related to filter - regulated system interactions

 
5. EMC issues

• Coupling types
• Disturbance measurements and means of protection
• EMC issues for power grids
• Problems associated with indirect lightning strike

6. Study of PV installations connected to the distribution network

• Definitions of electrical switchgears and classes of protection
• LV earth connection diagram
• Electrical surge protection
• Study of plant schematic examples

Bibliography

T. Christen et M. W. Carlen, « Theory of Ragone plots », Journal of Power Sources 91, pp. 210-216.

O. Gergaud, « Modélisation énergétique et optimisation économique d'un système de production éolien et photovoltaïque couplé au réseau et associé à un accumulateur », Thèse ENS Cachan, 2002.